The Layers – Southside Permaculture Park

Forest gardens are generally organized into the following layers:

• • Canopy
  • Sub-canopy
    • smaller trees fill on gaps of canopy
    • mid-stage succession
    • ex) mulberries, pawpaws, dwarf/semi-dwarf fruit trees, redbuds
  • Shrub layer
  • Herbaceous layer
  • Groundcover
  • Rhizosphere (root layer)
  • Fungal layer
  • Vine layer
    • all stages of succession
    • ex) hardy kiwi, grapes, beans, morning glory